📘 VOICE (Active & Passive Voice) Hindi + English Explanation with Examples & Exercises

 

📘 VOICE (Active & Passive Voice)

Hindi + English Explanation with Examples & Exercises

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🔹 1. Voice Kya Hota Hai? (What is Voice?)

Voice उस रूप को कहते हैं जिससे यह पता चलता है कि subject खुद काम कर रहा है या उस पर काम किया जा रहा है।

💡 Definition (English):
The form of a verb that shows whether the subject performs the action or receives the action.

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🔹 2. Types of Voice

1. Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)

2. Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)

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🔸 3. Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)

जब subject खुद action करता है।

📌 Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object

📝 Examples:

• He writes a letter.
  (वह एक पत्र लिखता है।)

• They play cricket.
  (वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।)

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🔸 4. Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)

जब subject पर कोई और action करता है।

📌 Structure:
Object + Helping Verb (be form) + V3 + by + Subject

📝 Examples:

• A letter is written by him.
  (एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है।)

• Cricket is played by them.
  (क्रिकेट उनके द्वारा खेली जाती है।)

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🔹 5. Active से Passive Voice Conversion Rules

📌 Rule 1: Identify the Tense

पहले Tense पहचानें क्योंकि passive voice में verb form बदलता है।

📌 Rule 2: Use “be” form (is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been)

Tense के अनुसार सही helping verb लगाएं।

📌 Rule 3: Main verb हमेशा 3rd form (V3) में होती है।

📌 Rule 4: Subject और Object को आपस में बदल दें।

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🔹 6. Tense-wise Conversion Chart

Tense Type	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	She cooks food.	Food is cooked by her.
Present Continuous	She is cooking food.	Food is being cooked by her.
Present Perfect	She has cooked food.	Food has been cooked by her.
Simple Past	She cooked food.	Food was cooked by her.
Past Continuous	She was cooking food.	Food was being cooked by her.
Past Perfect	She had cooked food.	Food had been cooked by her.
Future Simple	She will cook food.	Food will be cooked by her.
Future Perfect	She will have cooked food.	Food will have been cooked by her.

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🔹 7. Passive Voice में Conversion कब Possible नहीं होता?

• Intransitive verbs वाले वाक्य (जिनका कोई object नहीं होता) को passive voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

🛑 Examples:

• He sleeps peacefully. (❌ No Passive – no object)

• They run fast. (❌ No Passive – no object)

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🔹 8. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

✔ Yes/No Questions:

• Active: Do you speak English?
  Passive: Is English spoken by you?

• Active: Did he complete the project?
  Passive: Was the project completed by him?

✔ Wh-Questions:

• Active: Who wrote this book?
  Passive: By whom was this book written?

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🔹 9. Imperative Sentences (आज्ञासूचक वाक्य)

📌 Structure: Let + object + be + V3

📝 Examples:

• Active: Open the door.
  Passive: Let the door be opened.

• Active: Help the poor.
  Passive: Let the poor be helped.

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🔹 10. Mixed Examples

Active Voice	Passive Voice
They invited me.	I was invited by them.
She sings a song.	A song is sung by her.
The teacher will check the homework.	The homework will be checked by the teacher.

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📝 Practice Exercise (Convert into Passive Voice)

1. He reads a novel.

2. They are watching a movie.

3. She has completed the work.

4. The cat chased the mouse.

5. Will you help me?

6. Open the window.

7. Who told you this?

8. Did he send the message?

📩 Answers (on request) – Let me know if you want answers in PDF/Worksheet format.

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📌 Conclusion:

Voice grammar ka knowledge English communication ke लिए बहुत ज़रूरी है – especially writing aur speaking ke समय. Passive voice formal situations में ज़्यादा use होता है – जैसे reports, news, notices आदि में।