Comprehension Check (Page 45)
Question 1:
Look at Picture 1 and recall the opening lines of the original song in Hindi. Who is the singer? Who else do you see in this picture?
Answer:
The song is,
“Aye mere watan ke logon, tum khub laga lo nara
yeh shubh din hai hum sab ka, lehralo tiranga pyara
par mat bhulo seema par, veeron ne hai praan ganvaaye
kuchh yaad unhe bhi kar lo
jo laut ke ghar na aaye
This track was sung by Lata Mangeshkar.
In the picture, we see great leaders of India, namely – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Mahatma Gandhi and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
Question 2:
In Picture 2, what do you understand by the Company’s “superior weapons”?
Answer:
“Superior weapons” means the weapons usedin wars were of good and modern technology by which that they could win the most reasons of India.
Question 3:
Who is an artisan? Why do you think the artisans suffered? (Picture 3)
Answer:
An artisan is a skilled craft worker who manually creates decorative or functional items. The artisans suffered as the British were extracting high taxes from them, because of which they were facing an economic loss on their products. Moreover, the British were importing machine-manufactured items from England and selling them on a large scale, thereby ruining the existing market of hand-made products made by the artisans.
Question 4:
Which picture, according to you, reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt?
Answer:
Picture 7 – The Sparks (1855-57) reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt.
Working with the text (Page 45)
Answer the following questions.
Question 1:
Do you think the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757?
Answer:
Yes, the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757 because they had internal rivalries and gave more priorities to settle those. Thus, in order to do so they took help of Britishers as they were equipped with superior weapons. The Indians princess did not give a second thought on the impact of this help
Question 2:
How did the East India Company subdue the Indian princes?
Answer:
The East India Company was equipped with superior weapons with fascinated Indian princes to settle their rivalries against each other. Thus, they became dependent on the East India Company and got subdued by them.
Question 3:
Quote the words used by Ram Mohan Roy to say that every religion teaches the same principles.
Answer:
Words Quoted are – “Cows are of different colours, but the colour of their milk is the same. Different teachers have different opinions but the essence of every religion is the same.”
Question 4:
In what ways did the British officers exploit Indians?
Answer:
The British exploited Indians in several ways. They imposed high taxes on the peasants, reduced the import duty on goods manufactured in England and imported those to India and cut the thumbs of expert artisans and ruined their business.
Question 5:
Name these people.
(i) The ruler who fought pitched battles against the British and died fighting.
Tipu Sultan of Mysore
(ii) The person who wanted to reform society.
Ram Mohan Roy
(iii) The person who recommended the introduction of English education in India.
Macaulay
(iv) Two popular leaders who led the revolt (Choices may vary.)
Mangal Pande, Tatya Tope
Question 6:
Mention the following.
(i) Two examples of social practices prevailing then.
Child marriage and untouchability.
(ii) Two oppressive policies of the British.
The British decided to take away the import duty on goods manufactured in England. this severely affected Indian industries. In 1818, they passed Regulation III. Under, it an Indian could be jailed without trial in a court.
(iii) Two ways in which common people suffered.
Common people lost their old job and lands. They we are being converted by the British.
(iv) Four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence.
Given below are the four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence:
In Bengal, the Santhals lost their lands under new British land rules, and they became desperate and rose in rebellion and massacred Europeans in 1855.
The Indian sepoys of the British army were discontent and angry as the white soldiers were getting huge pay, and mansions to live in along with servants.
The Brahmin soldiers were furious when they came to know that the grease on the bullet that they were biting was made from the fat of cows and pigs.
Many landlords were sore because they had lost their lands and estates due to the harsh British policies.
Working with Language (Page 46)
Question 1:
Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
(i)
Direct speech:- First man: We must educate our brothers.
Indirect speech:- The first man said that they must educate their brothers.
Direct speech:- Second man: And try to improve their material conditions.
Indirect speech:- The second man added that they must try to improve their material
conditions.
Direct speech:- Third man: For that, we must convey our grievances to the British
Parliament.
Indirect speech:- The third man suggested that they must convey their grievances to the
British Parliament.
(ii)
Direct speech:- First soldier: The white soldier gets huge pay, mansions and servants.
Indirect speech:- The first soldier said that the white soldier got huge pay, mansions and
servants.
Direct speech:- Second soldier: We get a pittance and slow promotions.
Indirect speech:- The second soldier remarked that they got a pittance and slow
promotions.
Direct speech:- Third soldier: Who are the British to abolish our customs?
Indirect speech:- The third soldier asked who the British were to abolish their customs.
Page 47
*The Clever Fox and the Naive Goat*
One day, a fox accidentally fell into a deep well. He tried hard to climb out but couldn’t. Just then, a goat happened to pass by and saw the fox inside. Curious, she asked, "Hello! Is this water sweet?"
The clever fox, seeing an opportunity, replied, "Too sweet! I’ve had so much, I might faint!" Tempted, the goat jumped in and drank the water. Meanwhile, the fox quickly climbed onto her back and leaped out of the well.
Before leaving, the fox turned back and said, "Thanks for the help. Come out when you can." The goat realized her mistake and remembered her mother’s wise words: "Be careful how you take the advice of people you don’t know."
Moral: Always think carefully before trusting strangers.
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*Note:* This story is based on Aesop's fable "The Fox and the Goat." The key lesson is about being cautious and not acting impulsively on others' words.
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