Ms Dos

DOS stands for Disk Operating System. DOS is a single user single tasking operating system. It is the most important operating system of computer. The computer can not be started without DOS. MS-DOS is a simple operating system.

Starting MS-DOS;-

Start---All programs----Accessories----command prompt

Double click on ‘Command Prompt’ icon On Desktop. After starting Dos the first sign that appears on the screen is called command prompt or c-prompt.

C :\>

C colon backslash greaterthan

Command prompt or c-prompt

……………………………………………….

Prompt----------------------Denotes

A:\>-------------------------floppy drive

B:\>-------------------------floppy drive

C:\>-------------------------hard disk drive

D:\>-------------------------hard disk drive

E:\>-------------------------hard disk drive

F:\>-------------------------CD drive

G:\>-------------------------CD drive.

What is booting and bootable files?

The process of starting computer and loading operating system to the memory is called booting. Booting has two types:-

1. Cool booting (By pressing power button of CPU).

2. Hot booting or warm booting (By pressing reset button of C.P.U). Or press “ALT+CTRL+DEL” from keyboard.

The files which are responsible for booting are called bootable files. There are following bootable files:-

1. Ms dos. Sys

2. command.com

3. I.O. sys

What is file and file name?

All the matters where we input into the computer is called file and each file must have a name which is called file name.

Example:- RDclasses.com

Command is an order given to the computer to perform the specific operation. Command has two types:-

This command is used to come out from any directory.

C:\My documents and settings\Administrator>CD\ (enter)

C:\>-

2. CLS

This command is used to clear the screen.

C :\> CLS (enter)

3. DATE

This command is used to see or change the system DATE.

C :\> DATE (enter)

Current date is: Fri 06/06/2008

Enter new date<mm-dd-yy>

4. TIME

This command is used to see or change the system time.

C :\> TIME (enter)

Current time is: 12:16:17.88

Enter new time_

5. VOL

This command is used to see the volume label or serial no. of current drive.

C :\> VOL (enter)

Volume of drive c has no label.

Volume serial no. 7080-71A

6. VER

This command is used to see the version of operating system which is install in the computer.

C :\> VER (enter)

Microsoft windows XP

7. EXIT

This command is used to come back on C :\>( c-prompt) means close the DOS.

C :\> EXIT (enter)

8. copy con command

This command is used to create a new file with new name.

Syntax:-c:\>copy$con$file name(enter)

Ex-c:\>copy$con$RDclasses.com(enter)

………………………………………enter

F6(enter) or “CTRL+Z”

1 file(s) copied.

C:\>_-

9. Type command

This command is used to see the contents of a file.

Syntax:-c :\> Type$file name (enter)

Ex-c :\> Type$RDclasses.com (enter)

10. Ren command

This command is used to rename of a file.

Syntax:-c:\>ren$old file name$new file name (enter)

Ex-c:\>ren$RDclasses.com$RDC.ghk(enter)

11. copy command

This command is used to make a duplicate file with another new name and add two or more files in a new file.

Syntax(1) c:\>copy$old file$new file(enter)

Ex-c:\>copy$RDC.ghk$RDclasses.cam(enter)

Syntax(2)c:\>copy$file1+file2+file3---$new file(enter)

Ex-c:\>copy$nandini.com+sonu.com+raja.com$munna.com(enter)

12.Del command

This command is used to delete or remove the existing file permanently.

Syntax:-c:\>Del$file name(enter)

Ex-c:\>Del$munna.com(enter)

DIR

Dir stands for disk information report. It displays total files and directories of current drive. There are following commands in “DIR”

1. Dir:-it displays all the files and directories of a disk.

C :\> dir (enter)

2. Dir/p:

-It displays all the files and directories page by page with date, time, file size etc.

C :\> Dir/p (enter)

Sushma.com…11/23/2007 2:20p 108 sushma com

Saroj <dir> 09/21/2007 1:10p Saroj

3. Dir/aa/p:-It displays only files.

C :\> Dir/aa/p (enter)

4. Dir/ad/p:-It displays only directories.

C :\> Dir/ad/p (enter)

5. Dir/ah/p:-It displays all the hidden files.

C :\> Dir/ah/p (enter)

6. Dir/as/p:-It displays only system files.

C :\> Dir/as/p (enter)

7. Dir/ar/p:-It displays read only files.

C :\> Dir/ar/p (enter)

8. Dir/w/p:-It displays only the name of all files and directories in column wise.

C :\> Dir/w/p (enter)

Priti.com sneha.com riya.com

Puja.com sulekha.com sabnam.com

Prerna.com farhat.com sabana.com

Nargis.com sharmin.com arti.com

9. Dir/on/p:-It displays all the files and directories alphabetically in ascending order (A to Z)

C :\> Dir/on/p (enter)

10. Dir/o-n/p:-It displays all the files and directories alphabetically in descending order. (Z to A)

C :\> Dir/o-n/p (enter)

11. Dir/od/p:-It displays all the files and directories date wise in ascending order.

C :\> Dir/od/p (enter)

12. Dir/o-d/p:-It displays all the files and directories date wise in reverse order.

C :\> Dir/o-d/p (enter)

13. Dir/os/p:-It displays all the files and directories size wise in ascending order.

C :\> Dir/os/p (enter)

14. Dir/o-s/p:-It displays all the files and directories size wise in descending order.

C :\> Dir/o-s/p (enter)

15. Dir$a*:-It displays all those files and directories whose first letter ‘A’.

C :\> Dir$A*(enter)

16. Dir$*.txt:-It displays all those files whose extension name is .txt

C:\>Dir$ *.txt (enter)

DIRECTORY

Directory is the collection of files and sub-directories. It stores many files and directories. There are three commands for create directory:-

1. Md$:-this command is used to make a new directory with new name.

C:\>Md$Directory name (enter)

2. Cd$:-It is used to enter in a directory.

C:\>Cd$Directoryname (enter)

C:\directoryname>

3. Cd.. Or Cd\-It is used to come out from any directory.

C:\directoryname>cd.. or cd\(enter)

C:\>

Create a directory

C :\> md$computer (enter)

C :\> cd$computer (enter)

C:\computer>md$hardware (enter)

C:\computer>md$software (enter)

C:\computer>md$user (enter)

C:\computer>cd$hardware (enter)

C:\computer\hardware>copy$con$cpu.com (enter)

……………………………………..(enter)

F6 (enter) or ctrl+z (enter)

1 file(s) copied.

C:\computer\hardware>cd.. (enter)

C:\computer>cd..(enter)

C:\ghk\as>copy$con$Newton.law (enter)

…………………………… (enter)

F6 (enter) Ctrl+z (enter)

1 file<s> copied.

C:\ghk\as>cd.. (enter)

C:\ghk>cd$it (enter)

C:\ghk\it>copy$con$babar.com (enter)

……………………………………… (enter)

F6(enter) or ctrl+z(enter)

I files copied.

C:\ghk\it>cd\(enter)

C:\>

To see the file in a directory

C:\>type$path of directory (enter)

Ex-C:\>type$Bik\as\newton.law(enter)

C :\> cd$Bik (enter)

C:\Bik>cd$as (enter)

C:\Bik\as>type$Newton.law (enter)

To see the directory structure with file

C:\>tree/f$main directory (enter)

Ex-c:\>tree/f$Bik(enter)

To see the directory structure without file

C:\>tree$main directory (enter)

Ex-c :\>tree$Bik(enter)

To see the details of a directory

C:\>Dir/s/p$main directory (enter)

Ex- c :\> Dir/s/p$Bik (enter)

RD(Remove directory)

RD stands for remove directory. It removes directory step by step (one by one).

C:\>Rd$directory name (enter)

Ex-

C :\> Md$dasharath (enter)

C :\> Cd$dasharath (enter)

C:\dasharath>Md$kaushalya (enter)

C:\dasharath>Md$Kaikeyi (enter)

C:\dasharath>Md$Sumitra (enter)

C:\dasharath>Cd$Kaushalya (enter)

C:\dasharath\Kaushalya>copy$con$sitaram.com

……………………………………………(enter)

F6 (enter) or CTRL+Z (enter)

1 file(s) copied.

Rules of delete directory

C :\> Cd$dasharath (enter)

c:\dasharath>cd$kaushalya (enter)

C:\dasharath\kaushalya>Del$sitaram.com (enter)

C:\dasharath\kaushalya>Cd..(Enter)

C:\dasharath>Rd$kaushalya (enter)

C:\dasharath>Rd$ Kaikeyi (enter)

C:\dasharath>Rd$sumitra (enter)

C:\dasharath>Cd..(Enter)

C :\> Rd$dasharath (enter)

C :\>

RD/s

This command is used to delete total sub-directories with all files in directory at a time.

C:\>RD/S$Main directory (enter)

Ex-c :\> RD/S$Dasharath(enter)

Are you sure(y/n) y (enter)

Deltree

This command is used to delete total directory at a time in only windows-98.

C:\>Deltree$main directory(enter)

Ex-C:\>Deltree$Dasharath(enter)

Are you sure(y/n)….(enter)

External command

1. Label:-This command is used to see or change the label of current drive.

Ex:-

C :\> Label (enter)

Volume in drive c: has no label

Volume serial no. is…………..

Volume label<enter for none>……………

2. Prompt:-This command is used to see or change the command prompt.

C :\> Prompt$Doller ($) $your name (enter).

-CLS (enter)

To come back on C :\>

-Prompt$Doller ($) PDoller ($) G (enter)

C :\>

3. Mode:-This command is used to enlarge or shorten the size of characters in win-98 but Screen size in win-xp.

C :\> Mode$150(enter)

C :\> Mode$100(enter)

4. Sort: - It is used to arrange the Text of a file in alphabetically according to first letter of each line.

C:\>Sort$File name (enter)

5. More:-This command is used to see the long file page by page in percentage.

C:\>More$file name (enter)

6. Mem:-This command is used to display the total memory, used memory and free memory of current drive.

C :\> Mem (enter)

7. FC:-This command is used to comparison of two files according to its size.

C :\> FC$file2$file3 (enter)

File 3 is longer than file 2.

8. Scandisk:-This command is used to scan the memory and displays the Virus-defect and Bad-sectors in win-98.

C :\> Scandisk (enter)

9. CHKDSK:-This command is used to display total memory, used memory and free memory of Total drives of computer.

C :\> CHKDSK (enter)

10. Doskey:-It displays total inputted command of Dos by the help of UP or DOWN arrow keys of keyboard in win-98.

C :\> Doskey (enter)

Note:-It is used in win-98 only.

11. Move:-This command is used to move the file or directory into another directory.

C :\> Move$source$target (enter)

Ex-c:\> Move$dasharath\kaushalya\sitaram.com$dasharath\sumitra (enter)

12. Copy:-This command is used to copy the file or directory into another directory.

C:\>Xcopy$source$target(enter)

Ex-C:\>Xcopy$dasharath\kaushalya\sitaram.com$dasharath\sumitra(enter)

13. Attrib:-Attrib has four command

(i) C:\>Attrib$+H$file name(enter)

(ii) C:\>Attrib$-H$file name(enter)

(iii) C:\>Attrib$+S$file name(enter)

(iv) C:\>Attrib$-S$file name(enter)

14. Format:-This command is used to format total drives of hard disk means it deletes total programs of computer. It is very dangerous command. So, don’t use this command.

C:\>format(enter)

15. Edit

Edit is the most powerful command of Dos. It has a colorful screen. It is used to editing the file means create, save, open etc.

C :\> edit (enter)

A new colorful edit window will be open:-

File menu

To open file menu, click on file. A new pull down menu will be open which is given below:-

It is used to create a new file with new name. For this, click on new or press “ALT+F+N” from keyboard. A new untitled window will be open.

Open

It is used to open the existing file. For this, click on open or press “ALT+F+O” from keyboard. A new dialog box will be open:-

Enter the existing file name then click on ok.

Save -- It is used to save the file with new name permanently. For this, click on save or press “ALT+F+S” from keyboard. A new dialog box will be open:-

Enter the file name in box then click on ok.

Save as

It is also used to save the file with another new name. For this click on save as or press “ALT+F+A” from keyboard. Save as dialog box will be appears again.

It is used to close the current file. For this, click on close or press “ALT+F+C”from keyboard.

Exit

This command is used to come out from Edit and come back on C :\>. For this, click on exit or press “ALT+F+X” from keyboard.

Edit menu

To open edit menu, click on edit. A new pull down menu will be open which is given below:-

It is used to cut the selected text for paste anywhere. For this open the file. Select the text and click on cut or press “CTRL+X” from keyboard.

Copy

It is used to make a duplicate text where curser is present. For this open the file. Select the text and click on copy or press “CTRL+C” from keyboard.

Paste

It is used to paste the cut or copied text. For this, first select the text. Go to edit menu and click on copy or press “CTRL+V” from keyboard. Text will be pasted where your curser is present.

Clear

It is used to clear or delete the selected text. For this, select the text then click on clear or press “delete” button from keyboard. Text will delete permanently.

Search menu

To open search menu, click on search. A new pull down menu will be open:-

It is used to find specific characters or words in the documents. For this, adjust the curser in first line beside first letter. Then go to search menu and click on find. A new dialog box will be open:-

Enter the text in “find what” box then click on ok.

Repeat last find

It is used to find two or more character or letter in the document. For this, first use find command then press F-3 button from keyboard.

Replace

It is used to replace the old word or letter and fit the new word or letter.

For this, adjust the curser. Go to search menu and click on replace. A new dialog box will be open:-

View menu

To open view menu, click on view. A new pull down menu will be open:-

This command is used to divide the edit window into two equal parts. For this, go to view menu and click on split window. Window will divide into two equal parts.

Size window

It is used to adjust the size of current window. For this, go to view menu and click on size window.

Close window

It is used to resize window. For this, go to view menu and click on close window.

Option menu

To open option menu, click on option. A new pull down menu will be open:-

Settings

Colors

Settings

It is used to set the tab stops. For this, go to option menu and click on settings. A new dialog box will be open

Colors

It is used to setting the colors of editor window. For this, click on option then colors. A new color setting box will be open:-

The End of MS DOS

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